In mild cases, low levels of vitamin B12 can cause fatigue and anemia, while more serious deficiencies can lead to serious neurological and heart impairments
Preclinical studies have explored its involvement in repair processes, vascular adaptation, and inflammatory regulation, positioning it as a molecule of interest in musculoskeletal and gastrointestinal research contexts (1)
It restores normal blood vessel diameter and optic disc appearance, and maintains retinal thickness, thus preventing further ischemic damage
Accordingly, NIR photons with substantially higher penetration depth and very less biological tissue absorption may prevail in subsequent research (Yang et al., 2017
This practice raises significant ethical concerns, as it exposes patients to unproven treatments that could have unknown risks